For most people the concept and mechanics of Bitcoin are unusually difficult to grasp. I believe this is because its inventor is high on the spectrum and it's simple for him in his own way.
To make a part of it simpler visually I've created this table to show at least the quantities involved and the timing of its issuance. I have not shown that this places a limit on the velocity of transactions, which in the end are unbounded. You can read more about that on the link which encouraged me below.
The reason the mining subsidy finishes and the possibility to issue ends is a mathematical decision made by the designer at inception. When it hits epoch 33, the 'integer right shift' halving calculation - the maths used to limit the reward for creating blocks over time, reaches zero. And a single Satoshi cannot be further subdivided. So no more subsidy per block can be given, thus no more Bitcoin are issued.
So it is over. To the extent the tech and maths of this implementation allow it. Obviously a political force could step in and do what it needs to conceal the action. But that would then make it a different asset being exchanged. Further to this, the initial concealment to inflate the supply could also be overwhelmed by deeper politics by concealing the initial concealment thus rendering the entire activity into the 'collective unconscious'.
This does not make the shenanigans impenetrable. It does mean the whole thing must somehow be brought back into the light, something I believe Dr. Wright is devoted to though I cannot be sure of his intentions.
And exchanges using Bitcoin can still proceed so long as it's worth it because the fees from transactions still pay the miner enough to do the proof of work. This is clearly a sticking point for the Bitcoin Core hard fork which is religiously against big blocks containing millions of transactions. For BTC it may be only the next epoch in 2028 which causes it to got zero - no miner will see profit in creating new blocks.
Is this important politically? Yes! If anyone tries to inflate the supply, it automatically breaks the eternal maths governing the issuance. The so called 'cap' of 21 million Bitcoin is merely implied, it is not written down in any white paper or set anywhere in the software code. So is self enforcing or immutable. Any 'success' in changing it signifies a new blockchain by implication - a hard fork, due to the founding rules, having been altered, changing it into something else.
The political consequences of such a change made by outside forces mean the protocol governing the system MUST have a central administrator who decides - the outside force. Bitcoin is no longer de-centralised.
Encouraged by this post: The Immutable Stock and the Unbounded Flow
Grok guidance from here: Bitcoin block subsidy versus integer right shift